Conception et simulation numérique d'un capteur ultrasonique à l'aide d’un montage Arduino et modélisation des données via Python

Abstract

This work presents the design of an ultrasonic sensor based on the HC-SR04 module combined with Arduino for distance measurement and obstacle detection. The experiments validated a measured speed of sound close to 343 m/s at 20°C, with good measurement accuracy over a range of 10 to 200 cm. The obstacle detector effectively triggers a light and sound alarm when the distance falls below 10 cm. The Python interface, through serial communication, enables dynamic visualization of the data (distance, time of flight, and speed). The results confirm the robustness of the setup while highlighting the limitations of the HC-SR04 sensor (sensitivity to temperature and angle of incidence). This project successfully combines electronics, programming, and data processing.