التحول إلى النظام المصرفي الإسلامي ودوره في الاقتصادية تمويل التنمية

Abstract

This study deals with a scientificcritical analysis of the transformation towards the Islamic banking system phenomenon and its role in the financing of economic development, which is considered as one of the most prominent developments in the banking industry in general. The study aims to highlight the theoretical aspects of both economic development and financing with regards to the Islamic approach and Western thought, in addition to the Islamic banking system foundations. It also focuses on analyzing and evaluating the role played by the total transformation to the Islamic banking system in achieving economic and social development through studying a sample of Islamic banks operating in the Sudanese banking system after the separation that took place in 2011. This study attempts to answer the following issue: How large is the contribution of the financing tools provided by the Islamic banking system in achieving the desired economic development of the countries that decided to switch to it? Based on a combination of analytical methods and tools. The study is based on a descriptive approach to describe both the traditional banking system and the Islamic banking system as well as the description of economic development and its requirements. The analytical method is used to analyze the economic development methods and their financing tools under an Islamic banking system; In addition to the inductive method using statistics to study the annual reports and financial statements, then calculating and analyzing financial ratios. The study concludes that what have been thought by the early theoreticians regarding theeconomic and socialbenefits that can be achieved in the event of the existence and creation of Islamic banks, have not been materialized on the ground well after more than three decades. As a result, the evaluation is not in favor of these banks, depending on the partial picture of each bank in the one hand, and the general picture of the banking system under study in the other hand.The figures indicate that the level of economic role played by these banks in general was very limited,as compared by the hope placed on themas portrayed by the theoretical side. In contrast, they have played only a limited role in favor of the economic development of society. It should be noted that, the obtained resultsare limited to some requirements; the most important of which are: the sample of the selected study; the economic and political reality in which the Sudanese banks operate outside their control as a result of the American bans and sanctions; and the natureof the evaluationcriteriawhich standsfor the assumption stating that a significant economic role can be achieved through Islamic banks.