Optimization of a production process for food bio-packaging based on cereal by-products

Abstract

This study explores the development of biodegradable biofilms optimized per Plackett- Burman design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) model from wheat bran starch as a sustainable alternative to conventional plastics. Starch was extracted from wheat bran with a yield of 23.14 ± 2.85% and used to produce bioplastic films with glycerol, gelatine, and citric acid. The films showed varying properties, with opacity ranging from 2.55 to 7.03, water solubility between 28.85% and 50.77%, and biodegradability in compost reaching up to 75%. Statistical analysis using Plackett–Burman design and Response Surface Methodology revealed that drying temperature and time had significant effects on biodegradability, while plasticizer type and citric acid amount were less influential. The RSM model showed a medium predictive performance, with R² of 81.53%, indicating a good fit with experimental data. These results confirm the potential of wheat bran as a valuable raw material for producing eco-friendly bioplastics.