Les occlusions intestinales néonatales : aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques, étiologiques, thérapeutiques et évolutifs à l’EHS mère-enfant Hakim Sadaane -Laghouat- de Janvier 2020 à Décembre 2024

Abstract

Abstract : Neonatal intestinal obstruction is a serious emergency chirurgical in neonatal period, defined as an arrest or an absence of the intestinal transit in neonatal period. By the light of our series of 49 cases collected in the neonatal resuscitation department at the EHS mother and child Hakim Saadane in Laghouat, over a period of 5years (from January 2020 to December 2020), we reported the epidemiological, clinical, biological, therapeutic and evolutionary profile of neonatal intestinal obstruction. We found that males are predominant, the average age of the cases was 3,16 days, and 2,77 for the sex-ratio. The approach to diagnostics clinically, is based to vomiting, abdominal bloating and delayed passage of meconium. On the paraclinical plan, the thoraco-abdominal radiography without preparation remains essential for the diagnosis of the intestinal obstruction. The most common causes were anorectal malformatios in 17 patients (34,7 %) and Hirschsprung’s disease in 16 patients (32,7 %) and digestive atresia in 8 patients (16,4 %),. Thirty-seven patients underwent preoperative reanimation and surgical treatment according to etiology, eleven newborns received nursing care and a single case of NEC was treated with antibiotics. The progression was favorable in 38 patients, the mortality rate was 22,4 %. The improvement of antenatal diagnosis, the creation of more services of resuscitation and pediatric surgery, and especially the collaboration of a multidisciplinary team, are the way to provide a good future. We also offer recommendations to improve care in our context. Key words : Neonatal, Intestinal obstruction, Diagnosis, Causes, Therapy