Prévalence de l'anémie chez les patients hémodialysés au centre d'hémodialyse Pr Sehiri Kamel de L'EPH de Laghouat

Abstract

This prospective study was conducted over a period of six months at the Pr Sehiri Kamel Hemodialysis Center of Laghouat Hospital and focused on the prevalence and management of anemia in chronic hemodialysis patients. The study included 70 patients undergoing regular chronic hemodialysis sessions.

Epidemiological data showed that hypertension was the leading cause of end-stage chronic kidney disease, accounting for 36% of cases, followed by undetermined causes in 34% of patients.

From a biological perspective, the study revealed that anemia was predominantly normocytic in 84.29% of patients (MCV between 82 and 98 fl) and normochromic in 92.86% of cases (MCHC between 32 and 37 g/dL), which is consistent with the classical characteristics of anemia associated with chronic kidney disease.

Follow-up results showed slight fluctuations in mean hemoglobin levels around 10.3 g/dL at study onset, ranging between 10.17 and 10.95 g/dL over six months of follow-up. Despite ongoing treatment, hemoglobin values remained below the recommended therapeutic targets for hemodialysis patients (target Hb 10–12 g/dL according to KDIGO guidelines), highlighting the difficulty of achieving complete correction of anemia in this population.

Clinically, the most frequently observed symptoms were asthenia (82%), weight loss (62%), and anorexia (21.42%), reflecting the significant impact of anemia on patients' quality of life. Therapeutic evaluation showed that most patients received treatment based on erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (EPO alpha: 82.86%, darbepoetin: 17.14%), iron supplementation, and vitamin therapy including vitamins B9 and B12. However, therapeutic response remained variable among patients due to several associated factors such as chronic inflammation, iron metabolism disorders, repeated blood loss during hemodialysis sessions, and associated comorbidities.

This study highlights the high prevalence of anemia among chronic hemodialysis patients and emphasizes the importance of regular biological monitoring and individualized multidisciplinary management. Optimizing anemia treatment remains essential to improve quality of life, cardiovascular prognosis, and survival in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis.