Anémie mégaloblastique par carence en vitamine B12 au niveau de l’ Hôpital mixte de Laghouat Le Martyre BENALI DEGHINE et EPH Ksar El Hiran

Abstract

Owr work concerns a retrospective study of 36 cases of megaloblastic anemias carried out between June 2020 and June 2022 at at LAGHOUAT and Ksar El Hiran hospital . The age of the patients in our series was between 26 to 82 years old, with a sexratio M / F of 0.89 The clinical symptomatology was dominated by anemic syndrome in 100% of the cases, digestive monkeys in 77.7 % of the cases, and neuropsychitric disorders in 44.4 % of the cases. The mean hemoglobin level was 7 g/dl (3.6-10.7 g/dl), the mean MCV was 103 fl (80-126.5 fl), leukopenia was noted in 55.6 % of the cases, thrombocytopenia in 58.33 % of the cases and bincytopenia in 39 % of cases. The myelogram was performed in 19 % of the cases and it objectified a medullary megaloblastosis. The determination of vitamin B12 was performed in 44% revealed a low serum level . The causes of vitamin B12 deficiency were Biermer's disease in 75 % of the cases and the non-dissociation syndrome of vitamin B12 in 13.8 % of the cases. The treatment is based on parenteral administration of Cyanocobolamine intramuscularly in all patients, sometimes for life. Red cell transfusion was performed in 21 patients (58.3 % of the cases) due to maltolerated anemia Finally, the clinical manifestations of cobalamin deficiency are curable and the replacement therapy is easy to implement, provided this diagnosis is kept in mind, especially in front of atypical manifestations