La prévalence du diabète gestationnel au sein de l’EHS mère et enfant de Laghouat durant la période allant du 01 janvier 2022 au 31 décembre 2022

Abstract

Objective: The objective of our study is to estimate the prevalence as well as risks factors and the maternal-fetal complications of gestational diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: we conducted a retrospective descriptive study covering a period of 12 months, which runs from January 01, 2022 to December 31, 2022, this study was carried out at the level of the mother and child EHS of Laghouat. Results: During the study period, 171 cases of gestational diabetes mellitus were collected out of a total of 9453 entries, i.e. a frequency of 1.8%. The average age was 32 years with extremes of 24 and 44 years. The risk factors are dominated by advanced maternal age (59.06%), overweight (54.38%), family history of diabetes (37.43%) and personal history of GDM (9.36%) and history of macrosomia with a percentage of (5.85%). The main maternal complications were pregnancy-induced hypertension (9.09%), premature delivery (8.52%), urinary tract infection (6.82%), pre-eclampsia (2.84%) and perineal tears (1.70%). On the other hand, in the fetus, the main complications were macrosomia (15%), polyhydramnios (12%) and hypoglycemia (7%), MFIU (3%). The treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus consisted on lifestyle and dietary measures in 56% of cases, proving the importance of these measures in obtaining a good glycemic balance. Conclusion: a regular prenatal counseling should be advised to women in order to detect GDM earlier with the aim of reducing the risk of complications. Keywords: gestational diabetes, maternal and fetal complication, risks factors, lifestyle and dietary measure